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Paul Gosch
Paul Gösch (30 August 1885 – 22 August 1940), also Goesch or Göschen, was a German artist, architect, lithographer, and designer of the early twentieth century; he was associated with the main elements of German Expressionism.〔Anonymous, ''Paul Gösch, 1885–1940: Aquarelle und Zeichnungen'', Berlin, Berlinische Galerie, 1976 (exhibition catalogue).〕〔Wolfgang Pehnt, ''Expressionist Architecture'', Wetsport, CT, Praeger, 1973.〕〔Peter Selz, ''German Expressionist Painting'', Berkeley, University of California Press, 1957.〕
==Beginnings==
Gösch was born in Schwerin. He suffered from "physical and emotional frailty" throughout his life, but nonetheless maintained "a robust determination to create prolifically and to further the utopian causes of the avant-garde of his time."〔Virginia Haddad, "Paul Gösch," in: Timothy O. Benson et al., ''Expressionist Utopias: Paradise, Metropolis, Architectural Fantasy'', Berkeley, University of California Press, 2001; p. 205.〕 Born in Schwerin, the son of a lawyer and judge, Gösch grew up in Berlin, where his father held a teaching position at the University of Berlin. Gösch matriculated in the technical college at Berlin-Charlottenburg in 1903 to study architecture. As a student, he reportedly met both Sigmund Freud and Rudolf Steiner. He developed an interest in Anthroposophy, Steiner's version of Theosophy, and later helped construct the Goetheanum in 1913–14. He also suffered his earliest psychiatric hospitalization (1909), but still attained his academic degree. He studied painting in San Remo for six months, and traveled through Italy, France, and Germany, meeting other artists. In 1911 he accepted a post at Kulm (now Chełmno in Poland), and served as city architect there from 1915 to 1917.
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